Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children

When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the results.

Not only do these diagnostic tests affect adults, body measurements can provide a general picture of whether a child is receiving adequate nutrition or is at risk for health issues. These data, however, are just one aspect to be considered. Lifestyle, family history, and culture—among other factors—are also relevant. That said, gathering and communicating this information can be a delicate process.

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For this Assignment, you will consider the validity and reliability of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You will explore issues such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. You will also consider examples of children with various weight issues. You will explore how you could effectively gather information and encourage parents and caregivers to be proactive about their children’s health and weight.

TO PREPARE

• Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider factors that impact the validity and reliability of various assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You also will review examples of pediatric patients and their families as it relates to BMI.
• By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to one of the following Assignment options by your Instructor: Adult Assessment Tools, Diagnostic Tests, or Child Health Case. Based on the Assignment option assigned to you, your Instructor will also assign you assessment tools or diagnostic tests to apply to either an adult or the child health example assigned to you. Note: Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignments from your Instructor.
• Search the Walden Library and credible sources for resources explaining the tool or test you were assigned. What is its purpose, how is it conducted, and what information does it gather?
• Also, as you search the Walden library and credible sources, consider what the literature discusses regarding the validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, ethical dilemmas, and controversies related to the test or tool.
• If you are assigned Assignment Option 2 (Child), consider what health issues and risks may be relevant to the child in the health example.
  • Based on the risks you identified, consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a sensitive fashion.
  • Consider how you could encourage parents or caregivers to be proactive toward the child’s health.

Solution

Child Health Issue

 

 

 

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Child Health Issue

Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. As a result, it is crucial to consider the health risks associated with being overweight in children. This case study discusses the health risks related to a 1-year-old toddler who is overweight and who lives with his underweight mother in a shelter. It provides the additional information needed to further assess the child’s weight-related health and strategies to encourage the parents to be proactive about their child’s health and weight.

Health Issues and Risks That are Relevant to the Child

In most instances, parents feel proud when their children add weight because they presume it to be a sign of health and growth. However, parents must know that children can also be overweight, and parents need to liaise with their pediatricians to see if they are on the right track size-wise. According to Gubbels et al. (2020), being overweight for one year can indicate various potential health issues and risks. For example, obesity at a young age can lead to long-term health issues, including an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Further, a study by Sanyaolu et al. (2019) states that children who are overweight are also more likely to suffer from sleep apnea, joint problems, and breathing difficulties.

From the case provided, the child’s living conditions and his underweight mother may pose potential health risks. According to Moffa et al. (2019), the shelter environment may lack adequate nutrition, and the mother may not

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