Create a 3-5 page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question for a specific care issue and evaluate the evidence you locate, which could help to answer the question.
Introduction
PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.
It stands for:
- P – Patient/population/problem.
- I – Intervention.
- C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).
- O – Outcome(s).
- T – Time frame (if time frame is relevant).
The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell & Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search. When applying the PICO(T) approach, the nurse can isolate the interventions of interest and compare to other existing interventions for the evidenced impact on the outcome of the concern.
You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health PICO(T) Process activity before you develop the plan proposal. This activity offers an opportunity to practice working through creating a PICO(T) question within the context of an issue at a Vila Health facility. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 3 successfully. This is for your own practice and self-assessment and demonstrates your engagement in the course.
Reference
Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2015). Introduction to nursing research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Professional Context
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted.
PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question. When writing a PICO(T)-formatted research question, you want to focus on the impact of the intervention and the comparison on the outcome you desire.
Scenario
For this assessment, please use a health care issue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.
If you do not have an issue of interest from your personal nursing practice, then review the optional Case Studies presented in the resources and select one of those as the basis for your assessment.
Instructions
For this assessment, select a health care issue of interest and apply the PICO(T) process to develop the research question and research it.
Your initial goal is to define the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. In some cases, a time frame is relevant and you should include that as well, when writing a question you can research related to your issue of interest. After you define your question, research it, and organize your initial findings, select the two sources of evidence that seem the most relevant to your question and analyze them in more depth. Specifically, interpret each source’s specific findings and best practices related to your issues, as well explain how the evidence would help you plan and make decisions related to your question.
If you need some structure to organize your initial thoughts and research, the PICOT Question and Research Template document (accessible from the “Create PICO(T) Questions” page in the Capella library’s Evidence Based Practice guide) might be helpful.
In your submission, make sure you address the following grading criteria:
- Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach. Create a PICO(T)-formatted research question
- Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question (databases, journals, websites, etc.).
- Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence as it relates to the identified health care issue.
- Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.
- Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using the current APA style.
Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:
Additional Requirements
Your assessment should meet the following requirements:
- Length of submission: Create a 3-5-page submission focused on defining a research question and interpreting evidence relevant to answering it.
- Number of references: Cite a minimum of four sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old.
- APA formatting: Format references and citations according to the current APA style.
Portfolio Prompt: Remember to save the final assessment to your ePortfolio so that you may refer to it as you complete the final capstone course.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
- Competency 1: Interpret findings from scholarly quantitative, qualitative, and outcomes research articles and studies.
- Explain the findings from articles or other sources of evidence that are relevant to the health care issue.
- Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.
- Identify sources of evidence that could be potentially effective in answering a PICO(T) question.
- Explain the relevance of the findings from chosen sources of evidence to making decision related to a PICO(T) question.
- Competency 3: Apply an evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.
- Define a practice issue to be explored via a PICO(T) approach and develop a PICO(T)-formatted research question.
- Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.
- Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar/punctuation, word choice, and spelling.
- Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.
Solution
PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach
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PICO(T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach
Using a PICO(T) Framework and Evidence to Develop Care Practices The PICO(T) framework is helpful for developing evidence-based care practices in healthcare. PICO(T) stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (and Time). This process creates a clinical question, searches for evidence-based literature, and guides evidence-based care practices (Portney, 2020). The first step in using the PICO(T) framework is identifying the Population. The Population can be a specific patient population, such as those with a particular disease The second step is to identify the Intervention. This could be a specific medical treatment, a lifestyle modification, or an exercise program. The Intervention should be clear enough to answer the clinical question. The third step is to identify the Comparison. This could be another intervention or a placebo (Portney, 2020). The Comparison should be similar to the Intervention yet different enough to make a comparison.
The fourth step is to identify the outcome. The Outcome should be measurable and relevant to the clinical question (Portney, 2020). This could be a patient-centric outcome, such as improved quality of life, or a clinician-centric result, such as increased adherence to medication. The fifth and final step is to identify Time. This could be a specific period, such as two weeks or six months. Once the PICO(T) framework has been used to identify the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time, the next step is to search for evidence-based literature (Portney, 2020). This could be done through a database such as PubMed or a library website. Once the relevant literature has been identified, it is evaluated
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